A comprehensive facts of Taj Mahal (Agra-India)

India’s most emblematic monument, the Taj Mahal, is probably one of the best known structures in the world. Built in white marble by Emperor Shah Jahan, in memory of his wife Mumtaz after her death, the Taj Mahal is famous world over as the monument of love.

Shah Jahan was a member of the Mughal dynasty that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid 18th-century. After the death of his father, King Jahangir, in 1627, Shah Jahan emerged the victor of a bitter power struggle with his brothers, and crowned himself emperor at Agra in 1628.

Basic Facts

• Taj Mahal is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
• The four minarets are each 120 feet high. They all lean out slightly, to compensate for the height and to make them look perfectly straight. In the event of an earthquake, they would also fall away from the main building
• Coordinates 27.174799°N 78.042111°E
• Elevation is 171 m (561 ft)
• Built  from 1632 to1653.
• Architect of Taj Mahal "Ustad Ahmad Lahauri"
• Architectural style(s) is Mughal architecture
• Taj Mahal is open from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. every day except Friday (when it's closed for prayer). The Taj Mahal is also open for moonlight viewing from 8.30 p.m. until 12.30 a.m., two days before and after each full moon
• Visitation More than 3 million (in 2003)

Facts about Exterior decoration

• The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture. Throughout the complex, passages from the Qur'an are used as decorative elements. The texts refer to themes of judgment and include: 

Surah 36 – Ya Sin, Surah 39 – The Crowds, Surah 48 – Victory, Surah 67 – Dominion, Surah 77 – Those Sent Forth, Surah 81 – The Folding Up, Surah 82 – The Cleaving Asunder, Surah 84 – The Rending Asunder, Surah 89 – Daybreak, Surah 91 – The Sun, Surah 93 – Morning Light, Surah 94 – The Solace, Surah 95 – The Fig, Surah 98 – The Evidence, Surah 112 – The Purity of Faith

• The calligraphy on the Great Gate reads "O Soul, thou art at rest. Return to the Lord at peace with Him, and He at peace with you."
• At different times of the day the Taj Mahal appears to be in a different colour. Some believe that these changing colours depict the changing moods of a woman (appears pink in the morning, white in the day and changes its color to golden in the moon light.).

Architecture & Construction Facts

• The name of the architect of the Taj Mahal is Ahmed Lahauri.
• The architecture of the Taj Mahal is a combination of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles of architecture.
• The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed in 1653. It took a total of twenty two years to complete the construction of this monument.
• Around 20,000 people worked day and night for twenty two years to complete construction of the Taj Mahal.
• The marble used in its construction was carried to the site on the backs of 1,000 elephants.
• Almost 30 types of precious stones were set into the white marble. Although many of these have been stolen over the centuries, the holes are still there.
• The Taj Mahal was constructed using the best quality marble from Rajasthan, Tibet, Afghanistan and China.
• The four minarets of the Taj Mahal have been constructed slightly outside of the plinth so that in case the minarets fell, they would fall away and not on the main structure.
• The marble dome was originally covered with gold. It is 115 feet in height and is sometimes called an onion dome because of its distinctive shape.
• The Taj Mahal’s main gate was built from red sandstone. It is 30 feet high and decorated with verses from the Holy Book, The Holy Quran, in Arabic.
• The actual graves of the emperor and his wife can never be seen by vistors to the monument. They are buried about 7 feet under the ground.
• By the late 19th century, the Taj Mahal had been defaced by the British soldiers who chiseled out precious stones from the walls of the monument. At the end of the 19th century, British Viceroy, Lord Curzon, ordered a restoration of the monument and also gifted a large lamp which hangs in the interior chambers of the Taj Mahal.
• Popular myth around the Taj Mahal is that after the construction of the Taj Mahal, Shah Jahan cut off the hands of all the workers so that such a structure could not be built again. Fortunately, this is not true.

  

construction map of Taj Mahal

Description of above image;

1. The 'moonlight garden' to the north of the river Yamuna.

2. The riverfront terrace, containing the Mausoleum, Mosque and Jawab.

3. The Charbagh garden containing pavilions.

4. The jilaukhana containing accommodation for the tomb attendants and two subsidiary tombs.

5. The Taj Ganji, originally a bazaar and caravanserai only traces of which are still preserved. The great gate lies between the jilaukhana and the garden.

Levels gradually descend in steps from the Taj Ganji towards the river. Contemporary descriptions of the complex list the elements in order from the river terrace towards the Taj Ganji.


Financial Facts
The cost of construction of the Taj Mahal was around Rs.320 million.



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TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Transactional analysis (TA) provides useful models for leadership styles. Eric Berne developed transactional analysis, and it has been applied, and written about ever since. TA has been used with organizational development and to improve quality of work life. 

TA is being used within relationship marketing to develop good human relations with Customers.

Studying TA can help you better understand people’s behavior, and how to deal with emotions in a more positive way. Below are three ego states, types of transactions, and life positions and stroking. Keep in mind that people are diverse and you will encounter a variety of ego states.

EGO STATES 

According to Berne, we all have three major ego states that affect our behavior or the way we transact. The three ego states are the parent, child, and adult. We change ego states throughout the day, and even during a single discussion a series of transactions can take place between different ego states.

Parent Ego State 

When the parent ego is in control, people behave from one of two perspectives: 

Critical Parent

When you behave and respond with evaluative responses that are critical, judgement, 

opinionated, demanding, disapproving, disciplining, and so on, you are in critical parent ego state. People in the critical parent ego use a lot of do(s) and don’t(s). Managers using the autocratic style tend to be in critical parent ego state because they use high task/directive behavior.

Sympathetic Parent

On the other hand, you can also be a different type of parent. When you behave and respond with reassuring response that are protecting, permitting, consoling, caring, nurturing, and so on, you are in sympathetic parent ego state. Managers using the consultative and participative styles tend to be in sympathetic parent ego state because they are using high supportive / relationship behavior.

Child Ego State 

When the child ego state is in control, people behave from one of two perspectives

Natural Child

When you behave and respond with probing responses that shows curiosity, intimacy, fun, 

joyfulness, fantasy, impulsiveness, and so on, you are in natural child ego state. Successful managers do not tend to continuously operate from the natural child ego state. 

Adapted Child

When you behave with confronting responses that express rebelliousness, pouting, anger, 

fear, anxiety, inadequacy, procrastination, blaming others, and so on, you are in adapted child ego state.

Managers should avoid behaving from the adapted child ego state because this type of behavior often leads to the employee becoming emotional and behaving in a similar manner. When managers are transacting with an employee in this ego state, they should not react with similar behavior, but should be in the adult ego state.

Adult Ego State

When the adult ego is in control, people behave in a thinking, rational, calculating, factual, unemotional manner. The adult gathers information, reasons things out, estimates probabilities, and makes decision with cool and calm behavior. 

When communicating in the adult ego state, you avoid becoming the victim of the other person by controlling your response to the situation. 

Generally, the most effective behavior, human relations, and performance come from the adult ego state. When interacting with others, you should be aware of their ego state. Are they acting like a parent, child, or adult? 

Identifying their ego state will help you understand why they are behaving the way they are and help you to determine which ego state you should use during the interaction. For example,

If the person is acting like an adult, you most likely should, too. 

If the person is acting like a child, it may be appropriate way for you to act like a parent rather than an adult.

And there are times when it is appropriate for you to act out of the child ego state and have a good time.

A report on Children

Think Deeply for Children!
Almost half the world — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a day.

At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day.

More than 80 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where income differentials are widening.

According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty. And they “die quietly in some of the poorest villages on earth, far removed from the scrutiny and the conscience of the world. Being meek and weak in life makes these dying multitudes even more invisible in death.”

Around 27-28 percent of all children in developing countries are estimated to be underweight or stunted. The two regions that account for the bulk of the deficit are South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

Based on enrollment data, about 72 million children of primary school age in the developing world were not in school in 2005; 57 per cent of them were girls. And these are regarded as optimistic numbers.

Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names.

Number of children in the world

2.2 billion

Number in poverty

1 billion (every second child)

Shelter, safe water and health

For the 1.9 billion children from the developing world, there are:

640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3)

400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5)

270 million with no access to health services (1 in 7)

Children out of education worldwide

121 million

Survival for children Worldwide,

10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (same as children population in France, Germany, Greece and Italy)

1.4 million die each year from lack of access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation

Health of children Worldwide,

2.2 million children die each year because they are not immunized

15 million children orphaned due to HIV/AIDS (similar to the total children population in Germany or United Kingdom)

S A V E  - C H I L D R E N 

Think about children Life, Thank You for reading.

Incredible human body facts

How many sperm cells does the human body producer per day, what it the one organ that keeps growing your entire life time, what planet can the human eye see in space, is our blood really red? More interesting things about the Incredible human body facts.

Prehistoric Eye
Our eye are very sensitive and can notice single light photons. on a bright day, the eye can see the Andromeda star group, the nearest galaxy to earth – without any telescopes. That galaxy is 2 and a half million light years away. but when the those light rays started their journey from Andromeda to our eyes, there were no humans on earth. Which means that when we look to that galaxy, we are actually looking back in time – around 2,500,000 years back.

The world in two testicles

Man’s testicles produce over 10,000,000 sperm cells everyday. this is enough sperm to repopulate the entire earth population within 6 months.

Disappearing brain

By the age of 35, a human will lose about 7,000 brain cells everyday. Unfortunately for us – those cells will never re-new.

From North america to South america 

The human lungs include over 300,000 tiny blood vessels  if we put them next to each other – they will reach to about 2400 km  like the distance mentioned above.

Strong bones

The human skeleton is as strong as granite stone. if we make a brick from a human bone – it could support up to 9 tons of weight, just like concrete.

An air to breath

A man can survive in space a few seconds without an oxygen mask. in about 7 seconds without oxygen – he will faint, and in about 4 and a half minute – the brain will die.

Easy fasting

Evidence from the past says that a human can survive 40 days without food, 11 days without sleep, 6 days without drinking and 4 minutes without air.

Senses

The human eye can notice about 1,000,000 different colors and shades. but only 90% of that information is transferred to the brain. Our nose, on the other hand, can tell the difference between 50,000 odors.

Down to my knees

The beard is the fastest growing hairs in the body.

Not just a thumb

Our thumb in the feet is one of the most important structures in our body, and helps to keep our body stable while standing.

Light on skin

Every half cm of skin includes 5 meters of blood vessels, 3 meters of nerve fibers, 1,300 nerve endings, 100 sweat glands and 3,000,000 cells.

Give your  valuable comments on my post about Human Body facts, Thank you for reading.

MARS ONE COLONY

The CEO of the private space project called Mars One, is looking for people to go to mars, but with only a one way ticket. “The technology that allowes people to fly to mars and live on the planet exist”, Said Bas Lansdorp in an interview this week for CBC Radio,”But the technology to bring them back still does not exist.”

Lansdorp says he is looking for people he can trust, that are really good in team work and that are the best in the worst situations. The candidates for the trip will go through 8 years of training, the search for them already began. The one way flight is expected to leave earth on September,2022. In the year 2023, the four first passengers will land on Mars.

They will settle in place and build a research center with the help of oxygen balloons (Mars atmosphere hardly has any oxygen in it, but mostly CO2) so they can do research tasks that were un doable by the robot rovers. Every two years a new group of settlers will arrive to the red planet, with a one way ticket , until the new colony will be populated by 20 astronauts.

Mars One Colony view

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Interesting Facts About Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة‎, "Khalifa tower"), known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the tallest man-made structure in the world, at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).

Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 (490-acre) development called Downtown Dubai at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district. The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea.

Basic Facts

• Burj Khalifa is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• It’s 828 metres tall (2,717 feet).
• It was officially opened on Jan 4, 2010.
• It was previously known as Burj Dubai.
• Burj means Tower in Arabic language.
• It’s renamed after Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi.

World Record

• Tallest man-made structure ever – previously Poland’s Warsaw Radio Mast (647m).
• Building with most floors (160) – previously USA’s World Trade Center (110).
• Highest elevator installation.
• Highest outdoor observation deck (~440m)
• Highest mosque at 158th floor.
• Highest (insert here) which requires another long list to be completed ;p
• Fastest elevators at speed of 64km/h, or 18m/s.
• It would take just a minute to reach from ground level to top floor.

Architecture Facts

• Burj Dubai has more than 162 floors.
• It has 49 office floors.
• It houses 1044 residential apartments.
• It has a floor area of 334,000 square metres.
• There’s 57 lifts in the tower.
• There’s 28,261 of glass-panels on the exterior of the tower.
• Its top spire can be seen from 95km afar.
• The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of the Hymenocallis flower.
• The Y-shaped floor plan aims to maximize views of the Gulf.
• Over 1,000 pieces of art from prominent Middle Eastern and international artists will adorn the tower and the surrounding Emaar Boulevard.

Environmental Facts

• The tower’s peak electricity demand is estimated at 50MVA, equivalent to roughly 500,000 100-watt light bulbs.
• It’s expected to use an average of 946,000 litres of water each day.
• During peak cooling conditions, the tower will require around 12,500 tons of cooling, equivalent to the cooling capacity of about 10,000 tons of melting ice.

Construction Facts

• Construction began in September 2004.
• The tower’s architect and engineer is Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (Chicago).
• The main constructor is Emaar Properties, a joint venture by Korea’s Samsung C&T, Belgium’s Besix and UAE’s Arabtec.
• The construction project manager is Turner Construction Company.
• Bill Baker is the chief structural engineer.
• Adrian Smith is consulting design partner.
• It took some 22 million man-hours to be completed.
• On downside, foreign construction workers were pay as little as $4 per day.
• Over 45,000 cubic-metres of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes, were used.
• Concrete used was enough to lay a 2,065km-long pavement; and equivalent to the weight of 100,000 elephants.
• Total weight of aluminium used is equivalent to that of five A380 aircraft.
• Total length of stainless steel bull nose fins used is equal to 293 times the height of France’s Eiffel Tower.
• The foundations were dug to depths of 50m.

Financial Figures

• Total cost estimated at US$1.5 billion.
• The price for the offices spaces reached as high as US$4,000 per sq ft.
• Residential spaces as high as US$3,500 per sq ft.
• The building is part of the a 490-acre flagship development called Downtown Burj Khalifa.

All the facts and figures are collected and manage by Muhammad Muzammil, if you like my post than please give your comments. Thank you for reading.

Pakistan’s Fastest Supercomputer Introduced by NUST

Supercomputing in Pakistan

Supercomputing is a recent area of technology in which Pakistan has made progress, driven in part by the growth of the information technology age in the country. The fastest supercomputer currently in use in Pakistan is developed and hosted by the National University of Sciences and Technology at its modelling and simulation research centre.

Technical Specifications:

Computer’s Cluster configuration:

66 NODE supercomputer with 30,992 processor cores

2 Head Node (16 Processor Cores)

32 Dual Quad Core Computer Nodes (256 Processor Cores)

32 Nvidia Computing Processors

Each processor has 960 Processor Cores (30,720 processor Cores)

QDR Infiniband Interconnection

21.6 TB SAN storage

(((PROUD TO BE A PAKISANI)))

Game Megazine for iPhone

iPad and iPhone Games Directory Vol 01

 English/PDF/177pages/80Mb

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